Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases in the world.Despite all its complexity, there are methods that allow you to greatly facilitate human life.First of all, it is necessary to observe a certain diet.
If you adhere to a properly prescribed food, then diabetes will not affect the overall well -being, and in addition, the likelihood of different types of complications are reduced, including a heart attack, stroke, etc.
Types of diet
The diet in diabetes is determined depending on the type of disease itself and the age category itself.So there are general principles for building proper food, which are regulated on the basis of individual indicators of the human body.
Since it is impossible to cure the disease, reduce the risk of it, a certain menu is described.Using proper food at a clearly specified time is needed for:
- reduction of the risks of chronic and acute complications;
- maintaining good health and relatively strong immunity;
- preventing a group of excess weight or getting rid of it;
- Maintaining blood sugar at the limits allowed.
There are two types of diabetes.The first in other words is called insulin dependent.Its development is associated with lesion and cell death in the pancreas and are responsible for the production of insulin.
With it, food is aimed at maintaining the process of insulin therapy and is more an additional method of control over the disease.Its principles are similar to what healthy people adhere to in achieving a good figure and well -being.
The main difference is the need to calculate the number of carbohydrates.Since treatment of 1 type of diabetes consists of getting insulin, you need to monitor what percentage in the daily diet is given to carbohydrates.As a rule, it should be no more than 60%.
Since type 2 diabetes is also dependent on insulin, it develops in obese people, accordingly, the diet is in the first place.In the initial stage of the disease or easy, the meaning lies in a rational way of excess weight.
When diabetes of this kind reaches middle or even severe, then in addition to diet, taking medication aimed at lowering blood sugar, or insulin levels.It is worth noting that in such cases, special attention should be paid to physical exercise.Thanks to them, a problem such as overweight can be resolved without surgical intervention.
The most popular diets are SO -Called 8 and 9 tables. Eight dietary table is applicable to those suffering from overweight or have a tendency to complete.Ninth is taken as a basis when defining the diet for diabetics.
Diet no.9 for diabetes
Diet no.9 is considered therapeutic and is prescribed to normalize metabolism (carbohydrates).It is also aimed at preventing violations associated with fat metabolism.Its calorie content should not exceed 2500 kcal.
A similar diet is characterized as follows:
- Calorie content should be reduced using animal and carbohydrate fats, which are easily absorbed (except cakes and sugar);
- partial restriction or complete exception of cholesterol and salt;
- more consumption of more vitamins and fibers;
- The protein content should be within the norm.
The basis of all useful diets, including ninth, is the correct meal.It is often necessary to eat in small parts.In total, the frequency should be 5 or 6 times a day.
The furnace or boiled dishes should be eaten as little as possible or completely forget them.In the first place it should be baked and boiled.It is better to develop a menu for a week because it will be easier to monitor this.A special preference should be given to the following products:
- Low low meat;
- Low low fish;
- Vegetables containing no more than 5% carbohydrates;
- fruits (not all);
- Natural drinks without sugar.
As for spices and eggs, their consumption must be limited.This is especially true for egg yolk.The number of proteins per day should not exceed 1.5 pieces.In addition to the fact that it is necessary to exclude sweets from the diabetes menu, also stopping pasta, butter and layered dough, pickled vegetables.
Categorically impossible to consume bananas, dates, figs, grapes and all its derivatives.The same is true for fats such as pig, ram and beef.To get the necessary fats, you should use butter (without salt) and vegetables in moderation.
Diet no.9 acts as the basis used when describing the necessary food.Depending on the personal indicators of a person suffering from diabetes, he is regulated.There are different types of diets that can be combined and find an appropriate option for yourself.
What is a unit of bread?
Since the meaning in the right nutrition for diabetics is to consume carbohydrates in certain amounts, you need to know how the small rate is determined, on which it depends on how much and what products you need to eat.
All products that include carbohydrates, various physical properties, calorie content, etc.The usual measurement method is not subject to these characteristics.Moreover, food for diabetes requires added control over its daily norm.
To make it easier to determine how much you need to eat this or that product and not go beyond what is allowed, nutritionists introduced the term "bread unit".The concept is applied in cases where an insulin is described by diabetics.
With such a discreet unit, it is much easier for a person to understand what can be eaten and drink, and what is impossible.It constitutes its healthy menu based on personal indicators, and can also change some products to others containing carbohydrates.
As a rule, within a day a person should consume from 18 to 25 such units.Since there should be five meals, it is logically reasonable to distribute this amount for all time.The main "dose" should enter the body in the morning.To monitor the number of bread units consumed, you can paint the menu per day.
How many calories to consume per day?
The diet for diabetes requires the abandonment of many products and dishes that could previously enter the daily diet.However, do not confuse food that allows normalization of sugar levels with what is needed to lose extra pounds.
The power supply to type 1 diabetes is intended to accurately calculate how much insulin is needed.The calorie content in this case does not play such an important role.It should be monitored so as not to gain weight.
Type 2 diabetes really requires added control of the calories consumed, as it often develops precisely against the overweight backdrop.However, it is also not worth leading them to calculating fanaticism.
The number of calories per day is calculated depending on individual body indicators.The diet itself should be low, but it does not imply a complete lack of carbohydrates.It is necessary to eat, but it is important not to overdo it.
When the question arises, what can be eaten with type 2 diabetes, many believe that you should sit in almost only cracks and water.This is categorically impossible.Food should be complete, containing vitamins and fiber.
There are different recipes of delicious, satisfying and at the same time useful dishes that will not allow to improve, but at the same time a person will be full of strength and energy.What specific products should be consumed and what approximate number of calories are allowed per day, determined by his doctor.
Useful and harmful products
Low fuel diets are different.For a healthy person, they are less strict than for what has diagnosed diabetes.But their meaning is the same.They vary in the main list of products that are divided into healthy and harmful to diabetics.
Useful
- all types of vegetables;
- greens (spinach, grief, dill);
- mushrooms;
- meat and fish (low -fat);
- coffee and tea;
- mineral water.
Harmful
Moderate Sugar Growth:
- potatoes;
- cereals;
- pasta, including solid varieties;
- Products with sour shirt.
Strong sugar growth:
- sweets;
- heart;
- sugar drinks;
- alcohol;
- grapes and its derivatives;
- Sharp and salty spices.
Such a division of products is generally accepted and often taken as the basis when developing a menu for diabetes.But what is useful for one can be harmful to the other.Since everything is relative, an individual diet is compiled for each diabetic.
How to eat with overweight
There is a thought that to lose weight, it is necessary to adhere to a strict low -calorie diet.But the fact is that this does not work.Numerous studies have shown that with a decrease in the calority of their diet, except for a constant feeling of hunger to hungry pallor, irritability and other things, nothing more happens.
With such a diet, it will be possible to lose weight literally a few pounds, but if at the same time the body was distinguished by the elasticity and good muscles, then this is everything that everything will leave it in the first place.Subcutaneous fats will not go anywhere, and sometimes they will accumulate even more.
The protein diet involves active protein consumption and a parallel decrease in the amount of fats and carbohydrates.The approach itself is not bad, but there are nuances here.Again, it is impossible to overdo it with protein, and it is completely forbidden from fats from the diet.Carbohydrate deficiency will lead to a loss of vital energy.
As a result, everything goes down to a low fuel diet again.By itself, it is necessary to reduce sugar.In losing weight, it is not a rescue guard, but from all the presented it is the best.Its merit is that all the necessary elements that are needed to maintain life activity fall into the body.
Thus, when there is a rational amount of natural fats, proteins and carbohydrates, there is no need to make deposits.Metabolism begins to function as hours, no chronic feeling of hunger, the symptoms of the disease virtually disappear and a person becomes more active.
Diet for type 1 diabetes
To maintain the normal condition of the body in type 1 diabetes, the same low fuel diet is needed.But in this case, it must be strict.The table number here does not play a special role, although diet no.9 is often taken as a basis.
The problem is that the action of insulin is very different, so it is quite difficult to normalize the indicators.That is why it is necessary to adhere to a certain food.The less carbohydrates enter the body, the less they need insulin.
It should be understood that its diet is related to the personal dose of insulin.Therefore, when developing your menu, you should consider the amount of drugs.It is better to paint that day to make the tracking easier.
Type 2 diabetes diet
Since type 2 diabetes is less complicated than type 1, diet is needed to get rid of excess weight and prevent it in the future.Again, low fuel diet is also recommended.Of course, this is a rough diet that is adjusted.Its meaning in normalizing glucose and insulin in the blood, as well as in control of insulin resistance.
Some practices by taking different tablets for weight loss and treatment with folk remedies.The former should be forgotten in general, as at best there will be no use from these medicines.
Popular remedies, as a rule, consist of any herbal infusions and decoctions.If you really understand the healing plants, then it may be possible to do something from this, but that is not worth doing.
failure
Against the backdrop of the disease, kidney failure can develop.It should be understood that it is caused not by food protein, as they believe in a mistake, but by a grown blood sugar.
The active development of such a disease is suspended when the glucose level is normalized.The diet helps with this.Diet squirrels are not excluded, but with carbohydrates you have to work.Proper nutrition, available to ordinary people, can even lead to the fact that the kidneys will fully recover.
However, if the process is brought to the extreme, then there will be no return to healthy kidneys.Moreover, in this case, the low fuel diet can speed up the destructive process.In order not to bring this, you need to monitor your condition, and the table created for yourself will help to control the power where the dishes and doses of insulin are painted, if necessary.
Other important points
Diabetes can develop at any age.In children, it can arise against the background of the fact that it had overeating with flour products, cakes, etc.Once you have detected the problem in time and start solving it correctly, complications can be avoided.
In women, the disease can occur for various reasons.Continuous stresses, abundant nutrition (mainly harmful products), as well as inactivity can cause overweight and, as a result, type 2 diabetes.
Very often there is a situation when the disease arose during pregnancy.This is due to violations on the hormonal background.Moreover, a woman during this period can actively consume products that can cause diabetes.
As a rule, a less strict diet acts for pregnant women, which aims to normalize processes in the body and decrease in weight partially but without fetal damage.
With gestational diabetes or diabetes against the background of pregnancy, strict nutrition should only be specified with one specialist.The diet should be adjusted taking into account the fact that there is a parallel development of the fetus.By excluding any product, you can damage the unborn child.
In men, type 2 diabetes develops a little less frequently than in women.This is due to the fact that they have somewhat accelerated metabolism.But harmful nutrition, alcohol addiction and insignificant physical activity will easily lead to such a problem.